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Splenomegaly means enlargement of the spleen

The spleen is located on the left side of the abdomen. It can be considered as two organs in one, since it: Filters the blood and removes abnormal cells, such as old and defective red blood cells. Produces disease-fighting components of the immune system, including antibodies and lymphocytes.

The healthy adult spleen weighs around 200g.

However, a variety of disorders can cause the spleen to enlarge, sometimes to 2kg or more. Any conditions that cause a rapid breakdown of blood cells, such as any of the haemolytic anaemias, can place great strain on the spleen and make it enlarge.

Other causes of splenomegaly include infections, liver disease and some cancers.

Symptoms of splenomegaly include: Other symptoms, depending on the cause

Since the spleen is involved in so many bodily functions, it is vulnerable to a wide range of disorders.

Some of the causes of splenomegaly include:

  • which can increase the blood pressure inside the vessels of the spleen. – a genetic disorder
  • characterised by excessive mucus production
  • particularly in the lungs
  • pancreas. – a common viral infection that causes mild
  • flu-like symptoms

– an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

Diagnosing splenomegaly involves a number of tests, including: Blood tests, to check for underlying disorders.

Treatment for splenomegaly depends on the underlying condition

For example, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be used to treat cancers, while regular blood transfusions are needed to manage thalassaemia. Certain disorders, including glandular fever, can occasionally make the enlarged spleen delicate enough to rupture. A person with splenomegaly should take care to avoid all contact sports and any other activities that could potentially deliver a hard impact to their abdomen.

An overzealous palpation of the abdomen or a sudden blow can split the outer capsule of the spleen and cause bleeding into the abdominal cavity. In this instance, surgery to remove the spleen (splenectomy) is needed. The body seems to cope without the spleen, despite this organ’s many vital functions.

However, the person may find they have an increased susceptibility to infection following the operation. Their blood may also contain odd-shaped red blood cells. In some cases, it may be possible to leave healthy portions of spleen intact, and only remove the diseased or damaged parts.

This allows the spleen to keep performing its usual functions. Alfred Hospital. Symptoms of splenomegaly Enlarged spleen, which can be felt by palpating the abdomen Causes of splenomegaly Cirrhosis of the liver Cystic fibrosis Cytomegalovirus Glandular fever Haemolytic anaemias Hodgkin’s disease Leukaemia Lymphoma Malaria Diagnosis of splenomegaly Physical examination Ultrasound or abdominal x-ray Computed tomography (CT) scan Treatment for splenomegaly Ruptured spleen Where to get help Your GP (doctor) Spleen United States, (616) 555-0200.

Key Points

  • However, a variety of disorders can cause the spleen to enlarge, sometimes to 2kg or more
  • Other causes of splenomegaly include infections, liver disease and some cancers
  • Symptoms of splenomegaly include: Other symptoms, depending on the cause
  • Some of the causes of splenomegaly include: – which can increase the blood pressure inside the vessels of the spleen
  • – a common viral infection that causes mild, flu-like symptoms